*Before Breakfast Lessons*
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Monday, July 2, 2018
🇬🇭🇬🇭🇬🇭🇬🇭🇬🇭🇬🇭🇬🇭🇬🇭🇬🇭
Accra - Ghana
*_Happy Republic Day to citizens and well wishers Ghana. God bless our homeland Ghana, and make our nation great and strong._*🇬🇭🇬🇭🇬🇭
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*_We apologise for the delay in coming back. Thank you for your patience._*😄😃😃
*Lesson 327*
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❇ *Confusing/Misused words or expressions*🤔❌
💠 *on time* and *in time*
If we had a meeting at 8.00 in the morning, and James arrived at 8.00 am, but Patience arrived at 7.30 am, it means James arrived *on time*, but Patience arrived *in time*. This is why:
*On time* means punctual, not late, etc. It means that there is a specific time established when something is expected to happen, and it is happening at the planned time.
*In time*, on the other hand, means a little early, with enough time to spare, or before the start of a programme.
The difference is subtle, that is why it is often used interchangeably.
Example
1. Even though the bus delayed, I arrived at the meeting *on time*. ✅
2. We had arrived *in time* to tour the offices of the company before the interview started. ✅
❇ *Grammar*📚
💠 The use of *so* and *neither*.
*So* is used to show agreement with affirmative or positive statements by, or concerning another person.
For example: *_I can spell the word_*. If somebody else wants to agree or indicate that the same is the case for him or another person, he or she can say *so can I*, or *so can John*.
This is the formula:
*so* (so) + *auxiliary* (can) + *subject* (pronoun) (John)
🚫 *Remember*
The auxiliary in the response must agree with the verb tense in the original statement.
If the statement is *I can do it*, the response shouldn't be *so will I*, because the auxiliary in the original statement is *can*, so that of the response cannot be *will*. It should be *so can I*.
*To be continued...*
❇ *Useful expressions/Idioms*🆔
💠 *take a rain check*
If you ever found it difficult to turn down an invitation or offer politely, this is a way out. To say that you *take a rain check* means that you cannot accept an invitation or offer now, but you will be happy to accept it later.
Example
1. Do you mind if I *take a rain check* on that dinner invitation? I have a night shift at work on that date. ✅
❇ *Vocabulary building*👍🏽🆕
💠 *inundate*
The verb *inundate* means to give someone so much work or so many things that they cannot deal with them all. It also means to flood an area with water. The other verb forms are "inundates", "inundated", etc.
*Inundate* is pronounced approximately as /i nan deit/.
Example
1. The victims have been *inundated* with offers of help. ✅
2. After the downpour, the entire community was *inundated*. ✅
🚫 *Comment*: It will be tautological to say or write *inundate with water* looking at the meaning of *inundate*.
🚫It is inappropriate to say or write *heavy downpour*. A *downpour* is a heavy rain. Therefore, the use of *heavy* is unnecessary.
❇ *What does the Constitution say?* 📖📚🇬🇭
*Chapter 5: Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms*
Article 25, Clause (1)(b) of the 1992 Constitution says:
(1) All persons shall have the right to equal educational opportunities and facilities and with a view to achieving the full realisation of that right -
(b) secondary education in its different forms, including technical and vocational education, shall be made generally available and accessible to all by every appropriate means, and in particular, by the progressive introduction of free education.
❇ *Communication (speaking & writing) Tip*✅
💠 *Your Pidgin and Standard English*
One of the few characteristics of students at the senior high level or tertiary is the ability to speak pidgin (except for some people I know😂😂😂). It is not formally part of any syllabus or scheme of work, but by the time students complete school, they find themselves speaking some pidgin. For the purpose of our discussion, *pidgin* refers to "a language that has developed from a mixture of two or more languages and is used for communicating by people who do not speak each other’s language, which usually lacks formalised grammar. *Pidgin English* is loosely used as a term to describe any very basic English, broken English, etc.
For our purposes *Pidgin English* takes the initialism *PE* and *Standard English* as *SE*
If you speak *Pidgin English*, or you know someone who does, try to answer the following questions:
1. How often do you speak PE?
2. Between *PE* and *SE*, which do you prefer to speak?
3. Why?
4. When you are speaking *SE*, do you unconsciously speak *PE*?
*To be continued...*
.................End.................
Your language is your bargaining power so make it skilled.
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